Dr Sohini Sengupta, Medical Laboratory Director, Redcliffe Labs explains how technological advancements are poised to revolutionise the landscape of breast cancer care
Breast cancer is a pervasive and life-altering disease that poses significant challenges for individuals across the globe, including India. There has been a concerning rise in breast cancer incidences among younger Indian women in the past few years, surpassing occurrences in Western countries. According to Globocan 2020 data, breast cancer constituted 13.5 per cent of all cancer cases in India, resulting in approximately 90,408 deaths. The urgency to confront this escalating problem is evident.
Fortunately, the field of breast cancer diagnostics has seen remarkable strides in recent years, offering renewed hope and the promise of early detection and precision medicine. These technological advancements are poised to revolutionise the landscape of breast cancer care.
The need for early detection
Early detection has long been a crucial defense against breast cancer. The ability to spot potential issues before they escalate not only boosts the efficacy of treatment but also helps tailor medical interventions to individual patients, thus exemplifying the transformative potential of precision medicine. Simultaneously, identifying high-risk individuals through specific criteria enables healthcare professionals to take proactive measures that can substantially elevate the prospects of positive outcomes.
To achieve this early detection, a multipronged approach is essential. Regular breast self-examinations empower individuals to actively participate in their health, while annual check-ups with medical professionals provide a critical second line of defense. Meanwhile, the role of mammograms cannot be overstated, as these routine screenings serve as an indispensable tool for early breast cancer detection. This allows healthcare providers to identify abnormalities even before symptoms manifest.
Importance of genetic testing
Genetic testing is pivotal, particularly for individuals deemed high-risk due to various factors. Pre-test genetic counseling is also available nowadays. It offers personalized guidance that gives an overview of the advantages and limitations of genetic testing for those individuals who have been recommended for such assessments. This comprehensive counseling not only aids in informed decision-making but also ensures that patients have a clear understanding of what to expect.
Beyond high-risk individuals, genetic testing also plays a significant role for a specific demographic of breast cancer patients. It is crucial specifically for those diagnosed at age 50 or younger, individuals afflicted with metastatic or multiple primary breast cancers, and those with certain breast cancer subtypes, such as triple-negative or lobular breast cancer.
Understanding BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are essential genes in our body responsible for repairing damaged DNA. They act as protectors against cancer. Each individual inherits a pair of these genes, one from each parent. However, when mutations occur within these genes, the protective shield they provide becomes compromised, paving the way for cancer to take root. Such mutations can significantly heighten the risk of developing a spectrum of cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancer. These genetic anomalies often manifest at an earlier age, highlighting the importance of early detection and precision medicine.
Conclusion
Approximately 90 per cent of early -stage breast cancers can be cured, often with treatments that conserve the breast. Therefore, women must go for screening to facilitate early detection. With the advancement in technology, a range of detection facilities are available. Genetic testing and in-depth counseling can help in proactive and personalised healthcare management, especially for high-risk individuals.
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